1. Know your numbers
Kidney disease is often silent. If you have diabetes, high blood pressure or a family history, ask your doctor for a yearly creatinine (eGFR) blood test and a urine albumin test.
2. Keep blood pressure under control
High blood pressure is one of the commonest causes of kidney damage. Check it at home if your doctor advises, and take your medicines as prescribed.
3. Look after your blood sugar
Good diabetes control protects the small filters in your kidneys. Small, steady improvements matter.
4. Go easy on salt
Less salt helps blood pressure and reduces swelling. Watch out for processed foods, pickles, sauces and fast food, where most salt hides.
5. Drink sensibly
Most healthy adults do well drinking to thirst, more in hot weather. If you have kidney or heart disease, follow the fluid amount your doctor gives you.
6. Be careful with painkillers
Regular use of anti-inflammatory painkillers such as ibuprofen or diclofenac can harm the kidneys. Ask your doctor or pharmacist before using them often.
7. Stay active and don't smoke
Regular walking, a healthy weight and not smoking all help protect your kidneys and heart.